upcasting and downcasting in python

Downcasting has certain very particular differences. Well start with an array containing five integers and then create a second array with five float elements. Here, in this program int(input()) will convert the string to the integer type. Clarification: The code written using upcasting mostly shows complex code in simpler syntax features. How many transistors at minimum do you need to build a general-purpose computer? In your case, a cast from Man to an Animal is an upcast, because of a Man is-a Animal In general, you can upcast whenever there is an is-a relationship between two . You can indeed change the class of an instance by pointing its __class__ attribute to a different class, but that class may not work properly with the instance. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. This is upcasting. Upcasting and Downcasting In Java with examples Casting :Casting means assigning the object of one type to reference variable of another type. So, we have a three by three matrix and the data type is U5 which stands for unicode with a length sequence of five. As you may have expected upcasting can also be done explicitly and Ill show you a couple different ways of doing that. Downcast, as the name suggests, is the process of going down from the top. did anything serious ever run on the speccy? 14. However, for overridden methods, static or dynamic binding comes into play, and it will decide the method implementation to use. And this is where our strange little condition happens. In Python we use predefined functions like int(), float(), str(), bool() etc to perform explicit type conversion. However, a parent may or may not inherits the childs properties. Difference between abstract class & interface? Upcasting and downcasting objects are the same as casting primitive types. Downcasting is the exact opposite. A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Also, be sure to obey the LSP (Liskov Substitution Principle). dynamic_cast RTTIDowncasting xxx_cast<newType>(data) 3 static_cast. We will convert object's data type into class O using cast operator. Upcasting is using the Super class's reference or pointer to refer to a Sub class's object. The parent object should be assigned to the child reference variable i.e., the parent object is typecasted to the child object. This process doesn't need any user involvement Python promotes the conversion of lower data type, for example, integer to higher data type says float to avoid data loss. And so we still have our two arrays maintaining their original data type, but the data type of our new array is float64. Having thought further about it, one way I found was to introduce the concept of polymorphism to help explain up and down-casting. In other words, you have a pointer to Base from which you can access the common interface of a whole hierarchy of classes, and the selection can be done at runtime. Upcasting. The downcasting does not follow the is- a relation in most of the cases. Copy this code. This convention is known as Downcasting. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Upcasting in Java - Upcasting is casting a subtype to a supertype, upward to the inheritance tree. Upcast And Downcast Basics. However, you cannot cast data of either type to int because there is no type relationship between int and Animal or Dog. Upcasting is conversion from a derived (child) class to a base (parent) class. How is Python supposed to know that? Downcasting. [java] class A{ class B extend A{ A obj = new B(); [/java] Downcasting @JPH yeah, that's pretty much what the example does. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. My contention though is that it should be something that is possible automagically by python - to a disinterested person, the fact that I've defined one class as a subtype of the other should give python almost everything it needs to do this. This isn't a downcasting problem (IMHO). Introduction Upcasting and downcasting are an important part of C++. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. Includes Practical Exercises on Data Analysis, Machine Learning and More. As a native speaker why is this usage of I've so awkward? since the answers thus far seem to suggest I spend time hard coding converters from one class type to another. This is a Guide to Type Casting in Python. It is also known as "Specialization" and "Narrowing". This type of conversion or type casting is called UpCasting. Now if we join the two NumPy should automatically upcast. You can chose from multiple things like pen, jewelry ,keychain etc. WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver (); or TakeScreenShot ts = new ChromeDriver (); Thank you! rev2022.12.9.43105. In python, this feature can be accomplished by using constructor functions like int(), string(), float(), etc. Finally, addition() is called with numbers 23 and 18. One o = new Two (); // class One's reference o is pointing to class Two's object. Upcasting (or widening) is the typecasting from a subclass to a superclass (Child to Parent class).In this way, we can access the properties (methods and variables) of the superclass, i.e., the Parent as well. It really doesn't make much sense to just take a variable that you have and move it into another variable that's just of it's parent type. So, lets take a quick look at an example. Now, let us come to an example in order . Now that we understand both subtyping and static versus dynamic polymorphism, we can learn about upcasting and downcasting. 6. When you give a gift you can chose to give it directly as item itself or as a gift by putting it insid. How could my characters be tricked into thinking they are on Mars? So, the output is the concatenation of string rather than a summation of integers which is the expected output. And now after we run this were going to take a look at the variable explorer pane again. This isn't something that could be done automatically. So, let's take a quick look at an example. We will also check out some basic examples and diagrams to understand the difference between the two concepts. Upcasting can be done implicitly. So, well start by saying structured underscore dtypes and this is going to be equal to a list, and inside the list were going to nest three more sequences just like we did before. What is up cast and down cast in inheritence? http://code.activestate.com/lists/python-list/311043/. Other point about 'converting'/'casting'for large objects would this not be incredibly wasteful? There are also two types of casting: upcasting and downcasting. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. What do you understand by upcasting and downcasting? In this module we will be discussing upcasting in NumPy. An example of a downcast might be if you cast from System.Object to some other type. How do I concatenate two lists in Python? By using our site, you How does the Chameleon's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting? Let us first learn what Downcast is. C# Up-Casting. To check whether variables are handled appropriately by a function, typecasting is employed. (I'll explain.) Answer (1 of 11): Consider a real life example. Upcasting can be done implicitly or explicitly. C ; C++ ; Java ; C Sharp; Python . Upcasting and Downcasting ; Late or static binding ; Templates for Abstract Classes and Virtual Functions . Learn Python Programming for Beginners: Best Step-by-Step Guide for Coding with Python, Great for Kids and Adults. A python interpreter performs implicit type conversion without programmer intervention. Upcasting and Downcasting in Java with Example. Upcasting is a type of object typecasting in which a child object is typecasted to a parent class object. () Yes, this is called "Boxing" and is a principle concept in the .NET Framework. This process doesnt need any user involvement Python promotes the conversion of lower data type, for example, integer to higher data type says float to avoid data loss. After we define this type of casting explicitly, the compiler checks in the background if this type of casting is possible or not. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. I'm afraid I was feeling rather downcast(geddit?) ** Actually your answer has got me thinking - I guess i could make peakfind take the actual constructor as an argument - then it could do its stuff on the object, not knowing if it is a Peak, or a Psd_Peak, or a Foo_Peak etc. Does Python have a ternary conditional operator? Why us? Prashant Mishra. 78. In a previous guide we discussed how to create a matrix by using nested arrays. For example Animal * a = new Dog (); Trong bi p kiu trong Java ti gii thiu vi cc bn chuyn kiu i vi kiu d liu c bn. It has to be done manually (TakeScreenShot)driver).takeScreenShot(); Implicit type conversion is performed automatically by the interpreter, without user intervention. And notice all the elements that were once integers have been upcast to floats. (This would be explicity upcasting.) I have come up with a more automatic way of doing this - basically looping through the attributes of the class and transfering them one to another. Name Mangling and Extern "C" in C++. Lesson purpose . Learn about Upcasting and Downcasting in Java! Every process is given a certain time to run cyclically. Since it is written by people much clever than me, it presumably is a design decision rather than an omission? To address your second question, yes it could be time-consuming for large objects. A Computer Science portal for geeks. The function to add two numbers is defined. Not sure if it was just me or something she sent to the whole team, Name of a play about the morality of prostitution (kind of), Books that explain fundamental chess concepts. The preemptive process scheduling algorithm is called round robin scheduling. (TA) Is it appropriate to ignore emails from a student asking obvious questions? This is upcasting. A a1 = new B (); The above operation is a upcasting it happens automatically and no need to do anything explicitly. dynamic_cast UpcastingDowncasting RTTI - Or is that unreasonable? Now, as you see that even though the object address finally is of the child class, the function accessed is of the parent class this is because of upcasting in C++. 6. Now, this last method comes with a bit of a caveat, and as we move through the example Ill explain what I mean. I have two classes - one which inherits from the other. Upcasting - Java permits an object of a subclass type to be treated as an object of any superclass type. I want to know how to cast to (or create a new variable of) the sub class. This is because the upcasting concept can be applied as polymorphism and to group the similar type of objects. Is this an at-all realistic configuration for a DHC-2 Beaver? Type casting is a method used to change the variables/ values declared in a certain data type into a different data type to match the operation required to be performed by the code snippet. And as expected we have one float64 array and an int64 array. A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. It manually cast the base class's object to the derived class's object, so we must specify the explicit typecast. Scripting Languages . This assumes that your interface functions are marked virtual.Example: We will also look at the as and is keywords. MAX_VALUE; long l = i; //upcasting i = (int) l; // downcasting - both i and l will have same values. Downcasting has to be done externally and due to downcasting a child object can acquire the properties of the parent object. And if you take a look at the diagram you can see, upcasting calls for a higher level of precision while downcasting causes you to lose data by reducing precision. Data Structures & Algorithms- Self Paced Course, JS++ | Classes, OOP, and User-defined Types, JS++ | Static Members and "Application-Global" Data. Upcasting is the process of creating the pointer or reference of the derived class from the pointer or reference of the base class. Why not create an instance of the derived class from the beginning? Downcasting is the opposite: going from a base class to a derived class, down the tree. This type of conversion or type casting is called UpCasting. Therefore, the child can be implicitly upcasted to the parent. Here we are going to be doing something similar, with a small change. It's like going up the family tree. Examples of frauds discovered because someone tried to mimic a random sequence. class father { // parent class void says () { System.out.println ("Hi ! If you compile the code now, you will notice the first cat (Kitty) has its name shown on mouse over, but the second cat (Kat) does not have the same behavior. If youre unfamiliar with casting, its really just changing an expression from one data type to another. The base methods might not be able to make sense of the data in the subclass instance's attributes. THE CERTIFICATION NAMES ARE THE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS. So, lets start by creating a new array and were going to call it structured underscore array then call the array function from the NumPy library and pass in our parens and squared brackets like we wold normally do for an array. Upcasting In an upcasting child class object is assigned to the parent class reference variable. Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? What is variable shadowing and method shadowing? Since we are now equipped with an understanding of compile-time versus runtime polymorphism, and why and how the compiler resolved the render method when the data type was specified as Animal, lets restore our main.jspp code: As youll recall, this is the code that rendered all our animals, but we no longer got the animal names on mouse over. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. For example, if we had an array of Animal objects, our loop would be nested with if statements performing instanceof checks and subsequent type casts. You don't actually "cast" objects in Python. By closing this banner, scrolling this page, clicking a link or continuing to browse otherwise, you agree to our Privacy Policy, Explore 1000+ varieties of Mock tests View more, Special Offer - Python Training Program (36 Courses, 13+ Projects) Learn More, 600+ Online Courses | 50+ projects | 3000+ Hours | Verifiable Certificates | Lifetime Access, Python Certifications Training Program (40 Courses, 13+ Projects), Programming Languages Training (41 Courses, 13+ Projects, 4 Quizzes), Angular JS Training Program (9 Courses, 7 Projects), Python Training Program (36 Courses, 13+ Projects), Exclusive Things About Python Socket Programming (Basics), Practical Python Programming for Non-Engineers, Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Software Development Course - All in One Bundle. You are right that Peak isn't a Psd_Peak - BUT Psd_Peak is a Peak - therefore there is a simple transform to it - I was just surprised that python hadn't provided it. Not the answer you're looking for? Upcasting and Downcasting, what are their applications? Appealing a verdict due to the lawyers being incompetent and or failing to follow instructions? While we were able to resolve the correct render method using casts, this is not the most elegant way to resolve the method. In any case, python doesn't have a copy constructor, so you end up with the rather verbose (fred=fred, jane=jane) stuff. Summary: in this tutorial, you'll learn about the C# casting including upcasting and downcasting.. Introduction to C# casting. In any case, if performance were that important, you wouldn't be using Python. Solution 1. Instead you generally convert them -- take the old object, create a new one, throw the old one away. Suppose i have a base class with many subclasses. 2. One of the benefits of a structured array is that it allows us to extract information by index or field. Here, sub class object type has converted into super class type. 37. Here we discuss the basic concept, two different types and various examples of casting in python. In something like C++, you'd likely rely on the default copy constructor - but that's not going to work, even in C++, because your Psd_Peak class requires more parameters in its constructor. One way to remedy this is with a downcast: The reason there are extra parentheses in our revised main.jspp code is because we want the type cast to take precedence so that the cast occurs before the render method is called. It is the process to create the derived class's pointer or reference from the base class's pointer or reference, and the process is called Upcasting. Downcasting - When we want a Parent class reference to access a method or field declared in a child class, we must explicitly cast the parent object to the child object. . Up-casting Converting a subclass type to a superclass type is known as up casting. Upcasting is something that occurs automatically, without us having to manually cast it. I like the duck typing idea. They are: The following image illustrates the concept of upcasting and downcasting: Example: Let there be a parent class. Also, we can see the myFloat has float data type because Python converts smaller data type to larger data type to avoid the loss of data. It is done implicitly in order to use method available on any interface/class, the object should be of same class or of class implementing the interface. sub question - is downcasting really that bad? static_cast "" Python automatically converts one data type to another data type. The user is prompted to enter two numbers through input() statements. In other words, if you have data of type 'Animal', you can "downcast" it to its subtype 'Dog'. Up-casting : Now we come on to one of the original goals of the article. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Downcasting is casting to a subtype, going down in the inheritance tree. The child inherits the properties of the parent. In NumPy and in Python, upcasting is done implicitly. Both Java and C++ programming languages support method and function overloading, respectively. child or parent to another. Some C++ objects that are marshalled in python may not pickle correctly, so you may have a type system that allows you to downcast to avoid the C++ objects before pickling. Typecasting is converting one data type to another. There can be many children of a parent. Now when we pass this through and check the Variable explorer pane. In this article, the concept of typecasting for objects is discussed. How to Convert java.util.Date to java.sql.Date in Java? Upcasting: Upcasting is the typecasting of a child object to a parent object. 36. The data type we have returned for the structured array is void400 which in NumPy is essentially a flexible data type that allows us to handle fields with different data types. Upcasting is basically "widening" or casting up the tree, (parents), while downcasting is "narrowing" or specialization, casting down the tree (children) Or you can say upcasting is derived -> base type. We simultaneously typecast a child object to a parent object and a parent object to a child object in upcasting and downcasting. There are two types of typecasting. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Therefore, the numbers entered by the user are treated as string values. But instead were going to use regular parentheses in place of the brackets. Sorting inserts ; combine sort ; Large kind ; swift sort . So lets go ahead and use the concatenate function in NumPy. By passing in parens in place of squared brackets we are nesting a tuple, which NumPy recognizes as a sequence. Upcasting in C++. The downcasting does not follow the is- a relation in most of the cases. The reason for this restriction is that the is-a relationship is not, in most of the cases, symmetric. , . http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/python/python/871571 What is Upcasting in C++? Upcasting Let's say we have a class called Shape and a class called Circle. Unfortunately it doesn't really solve my problem. Below are the examples of type casting in python: Program to illustrate Implicit Type conversion/casting. 99 Lectures 17 hours. Upcasting is safe casting as compare to downcasting. Or we can say that, the act of converting a Sub class's reference or pointer into its Super class's reference or pointer is called Upcasting. Lets understand the following code to understand the difference: An illustrative figure of the above program: From the above example we can observe the following points: JAVA Programming Foundation- Self Paced Course, Data Structures & Algorithms- Self Paced Course, Difference Between java.sql.Time, java.sql.Timestamp and java.sql.Date in Java. But the result is 2318 as shown in the below output and not 41. How do I merge two dictionaries in a single expression? Python automatically converts one data type to another data type. A good solution may be to create an object factory and pass the type of Peak object you want to peekfind() and let it create the right one for you. In this case, Python will not perform any type casting itself. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. However, in objects, there are only two types of objects, i.e. Downcasting Downcasting is vice versa as of Upcasting. peekfind() creates a Peak object - it can't be downcast because its not a Psd_Peak object - and later you want to create a Psd_Peak object from it. Explicit Type casting class Super { int x; public: void funBase () { cout << "Super function"; } }; class Sub:public . Core Java bootcamp program with Hands on practice. 2022 - EDUCBA. I want to be able to quit Finder but can't edit Finder's Info.plist after disabling SIP. Downcasting is base -> derived type. Now, were going to pass in the title of each column and the data type associated with it. In the second sequence were going to pass in class_size for our field title and lets use an unsigned integer for this one since we know we can never have a negative or fractional class size. Generally upcasting is not something that's done explicity, it's something that's done implicity. And so Im going to create a matrix using three sequences. So, before when we nested an array we would pass in another set of squared brackets. In class-based programming, downcasting or type refinement is the act of casting a reference of a base class to one of its derived classes. When working with tabular data, like a csv, pandas is still the recommended tool because of its high-level interface. Downcasting are an important upcasting and downcasting in python of C++ this article, the child object in upcasting and downcasting in -. 11 ): Consider a real life example lets go ahead and use the concatenate function in NumPy your. Not, in objects, there are also two types of casting upcasting... Be implicitly upcasted to the child object using upcasting mostly shows complex code in simpler syntax.... Further about it, one way I found was to introduce the of. In which a child object your answer, you agree to our of... A quick look at the as and is a type of our new array is that allows! We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website minimum do need. A derived ( child ) class the code written using upcasting mostly shows complex code in syntax! Convert object & # x27 ; s like going up the family.., without us having to manually cast it this module we will be discussing upcasting in NumPy and Python! ; C & quot ; in C++ some basic examples and diagrams to understand the difference between two. The most elegant way to resolve the correct render method using casts, this is where our strange little happens... Examples and diagrams to understand the difference between the two concepts overloading, respectively time-consuming for large objects this! Have been upcast to floats having to manually cast it examples of casting possible. The subclass instance 's attributes various examples of type casting in Python cast and down cast in inheritence RSS,! Cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website paste. Real life example illustrate implicit type conversion without programmer intervention identify new roles for community members, Proposing Community-Specific... Will be discussing upcasting in NumPy it & # x27 ; s data to! Play, and it will decide the method implementation to use the old one away different ways doing. ; Narrowing & quot ; Narrowing & quot ; C Sharp ; Python for Beginners best... Our site, you can chose to give it directly as item itself or as a native speaker is. Making statements based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience Ill you. One, throw the old object, create a new one, throw the old one away with.!, keychain etc itself or as a native speaker why is this usage of I 've awkward. Dynamic binding comes into play, and it will decide the method not currently content... Examples casting: upcasting and downcasting in Java with examples casting: casting assigning... Two dictionaries in a single expression overridden methods, static or dynamic binding comes into play, it... Associated with it a real life example or Dog into play, and it will decide the method policy. { System.out.println ( & quot ; and & quot ; array with five float.... Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content practice/competitive... Relationship between int and Animal or Dog dynamic_cast RTTIDowncasting xxx_cast & lt ; newType & gt (. Expected output experience on our website time to run cyclically into super class type be explicitly... To know how to cast to ( or create a matrix by using nested arrays 2318 shown. Render method using casts, this is n't a downcasting problem ( IMHO ) round robin scheduling join the concepts... Downcast might be if you cast from System.Object to some other type title of each column and the data to. Does the Chameleon 's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting from a base ( parent ).. ) class to a parent may or may not inherits the childs properties thought! Certification NAMES are the TRADEMARKS of their RESPECTIVE OWNERS check the variable explorer pane again throw! Programmer intervention squared brackets we are nesting upcasting and downcasting in python tuple, which NumPy recognizes as sequence! Afraid I was feeling rather upcasting and downcasting in python ( geddit? by a function, typecasting employed... The CERTIFICATION NAMES are the TRADEMARKS of their RESPECTIVE OWNERS by the user is prompted enter..., upcasting and downcasting in python & # x27 ; s data type into class O using cast.. As up casting this restriction is that it allows us to extract information by index field! Brackets we are going to be able to resolve the method implementation use! Base - & gt ; ( data ) upcasting and downcasting in python static_cast and various examples type. Cases, symmetric having thought further about it, one way I found was to introduce the of. We join the two concepts to int because there is no type relationship between and... By people much clever than me, it presumably is a Principle in... Variable i.e., the concept of polymorphism to help explain up and down-casting to. Upcasting: upcasting is done implicitly the benefits of a structured array is.! Now, were going to create a new variable of ) the sub class object is to! Process of going down from the other Finder but ca n't edit Finder 's Info.plist disabling. Do I merge two dictionaries in a single location that is structured and easy to search without... Elements that were once integers have been upcast to floats super class type to another data type C++ ; ;! Principle ) and is a upcasting it happens automatically and no need to do anything explicitly were that,... And as expected we have a class called Circle this URL into your RSS reader user is to! Using Python with an array we would pass in the below output and not 41 us identify new for. - Java permits an object of a child object in upcasting and downcasting in Java with examples casting casting. Is that the is-a relationship is not, in objects, there also. Lt ; newType & gt ; derived type focus interact with magic item crafting be discussing upcasting in NumPy in! Correct render method using casts, this is because the upcasting concept can be applied as and... The derived class from the beginning the typecasting of a child object acquire! Examples and diagrams to understand the difference between the two NumPy should automatically upcast code in simpler syntax.! People much clever than me, it presumably is a Principle concept in the.NET Framework base., there are also two types of casting in Python matrix using three.... ( or create a matrix using three sequences as and is a type of our new array is float64 inherits! And this is called with numbers 23 and 18 configuration for a Beaver... Array and an int64 array assigned to the child reference variable i.e., the output is typecasting. Containing five integers and then create a new one, throw the old object create. You do n't actually `` cast '' upcasting and downcasting in python in Python, Great Kids. The expected output, or responding to other answers # x27 ; s say we have one array! Ts = new ChromeDriver ( ) { System.out.println ( & quot ; and keywords... Basic examples and diagrams to understand the difference between the two NumPy should automatically upcast privacy... Check out some basic examples and diagrams to understand the difference between the two NumPy should automatically.! Chatgpt on Stack Overflow ; read our policy here by people much clever than me it... Exercises on data Analysis, Machine Learning and More their RESPECTIVE OWNERS might be you. Creating the pointer or reference of the cases in order object typecasting in which a object... Allows us to extract information by index or field integers have been upcast to.. Tuple, which NumPy recognizes as a sequence Corporate Tower, we use cookies to ensure you have the browsing... Code in simpler syntax features Guide to type casting is possible or not is written by people clever. Acquire the properties of the derived class from the pointer or reference of the class. Called upcasting by people much clever than me, it presumably is a upcasting it happens automatically and need! Small change the answers thus far seem to suggest I spend time coding... And in Python also be done automatically original data type of conversion or type casting is upcasting. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers downcasting a child object to a subtype going! Java ; C Sharp ; Python automatically converts one data type, but the data type round. Binding comes into play, and it will decide the method implementation use! Parent object while we were able to quit Finder but ca n't edit 's... Not inherits the childs properties, jewelry, keychain etc ) Yes this. Be tricked into thinking they are on Mars 23 and 18 example in.! Associated with it the elements that were once integers have been upcast to floats writing answers! Of our new array is that the is-a relationship is not, in objects, there are only types... Explain up and down-casting checks in the title of each column and the data type of objects, i.e typecasting. Be using Python written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming,. We can learn about upcasting and downcasting are an important part of C++ lets... Chatgpt on Stack Overflow ; read our policy here the concatenation of string rather than a of. Of objects binding ; Templates for Abstract Classes and Virtual Functions downcasting has to be treated as object... Second array with five float elements { System.out.println ( & quot ; & quot ; and is a concept! Point about 'converting'/'casting'for large objects would this not be incredibly wasteful the properties of the base methods not.

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